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81.
全国自动气象站实时观测资料三级质量控制系统研制 总被引:20,自引:3,他引:17
迄今,中国气象局已在全国建立了55000余个地面自动气象站(含国家级自动站和区域自动站)。为了促进众多台站观测资料质量提高,在实时业务中保障用户用到基本正确有效的数据,2009年底中国气象局启动了“全国自动站实时资料质量控制与综合评估系统建设”工程,旨在研制一套基本适用于全国自动站实时观测数据的质量控制技术方法,建立台站、省级、国家级资料部门的地面自动站实时资料三级质量控制与反馈业务系统。在探究自动站错误数据表现形式的基础上,研制了自动站实时观测数据质量控制技术;从业务分工与应用角度,设计建立了台站负责质量监控、省级负责质量控制和国家级主要负责质量评估的自动站实时资料三级质量控制系统。该系统已在2400多个国家级气象台站、31个省级和国家级资料部门安装部署与业务应用。通过系统建设与应用,实时上传的自动站数据质量得到明显改善。主汛期全国自动站逐小时气温、降水数据可用率分别从2009年的88%、83%提升到2012、2013年的98%左右。 相似文献
82.
M. Collados F. Bettonvil L. Cavaller I. Ermolli B. Gelly A. Prez H. Socas‐Navarro D. Soltau R. Volkmer the EST team 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2010,331(6):615-619
In this paper, the present status of the development of the design of the European Solar Telescope is described. The telescope is devised to have the best possible angular resolution and polarimetric performance, maximizing the throughput of the whole system. To that aim, adaptive optics and multi‐conjugate adaptive optics are integrated in the optical path. The system will have the possibility to correct for the diurnal variation of the distance to the turbulence layers, by using several deformable mirrors, conjugated at different heights. The present optical design of the telescope distributes the optical elements along the optical path in such a way that the instrumental polarization induced by the telescope is minimized and independent of the solar elevation and azimuth. This property represents a large advantage for polarimetric measurements. The ensemble of instruments that are planned is also presented (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
83.
We give a short overview of the Adaptive Optics (AO) and Multi‐conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO) system of the planned 4 m European Solar Telescope (EST). The optimization process of the AO / MCAO parameters is shown, including the parameters and layout of the Shack‐Hartmann wavefront sensor setup and the DMs. We show the expected performance of the AO and MCAO system (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
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A fully coupled 6-degree-of-freedom nonlinear dynamic model is presented to analyze the dynamic response of a semi-submersible platform which is equipped with the dynamic positioning (DP) system. In the control force design, a dynamic model of reference linear drift frequency in the horizontal plane is introduced. The dynamic surface control (DSC) is used to design a control strategy for the DP. Compared with the traditional back-stepping methods, the dynamic surface control combined with radial basis function (RBF) neural networks (NNs) can avoid differentiating intermediate variables repeatedly in every design step due to the introduction of a first order filter. Low frequency motions obtained from total motions by a low pass filter are chosen to be the inputs for the RBF NNs which are used to approximate the low frequency wave force. Considering the propellers’ wear and tear, the effect of filtering frequencies for the control force is discussed. Based on power consumptions and positioning requirements, the NN cen-ters are determined. Moreover, the RBF NNs used to approximate the total wave force are built to monitor the disturbances. With the DP assistance, the results of fully coupled dynamic response simulations are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed con-trol strategy. 相似文献
86.
全球定位系统/航位推算组合导航定位中,由于目标运动的不确定性,GPS接收机与DR器件接收的数据存在噪声,使预置目标运动模型通常很难得到较高跟踪精度,针对应用常规卡尔曼滤波进行组合导航解算由于噪声统计特性未知而引起滤波不稳定的问题,本文提出了一种基于新息序列的量测计算进行自适应估计的卡尔曼滤波算法。该算法通过对新息方差强度进行极大似然估计,将新息计算引入卡尔曼滤波器的增益计算,达到控制发散的目的。最后对改进的算法与一般卡尔曼滤波算法做了对比仿真试验分析,结果表明了改进算法的有效性。 相似文献
87.
为了提高多光谱影像变化检测的精度,本文提出了一种结合空间上下文与慢特征分析的方法。首先采用自适应空间上下文提取算法围绕像素构建自适应区域,探索像素周围的上下文信息;然后通过迭代慢特征分析,由相应像素周围的成对自适应区域定量计算成对像素之间的变化强度,增强变化区域与未变区域的可分性;最后生成变化强度图像,采用大津阈值法作二值分类,将变化强度图划分为二值变化检测图。利用Landsat 7卫星ETM+传感器的图像,与4种基于代数的方法及基于变换的方法进行对比试验,结果表明,本文方法在降低漏检方面有所改善,提高了召回率。 相似文献
88.
Presented in this paper is a mathematical model to calculate the probability of the sediment incipient motion,in which the effects of the fluctuating pressure and the seepage are considered.The instantaneous bed shear velocity and the pressure gradient on the bed downstream of the backward-facing step flow are obtained according to the PIV measurements.It is found that the instantaneous pressure gradient on the bed obeys normal distribution.The probability of the sediment incipient motion on the bed downstream of the backward-facing step flow is given by the mathematical model.The predicted results agree well with the experiment in the region downstream of the reattachment point while a large discrepancy between the theory and experiment is seen in the region near the reattachment point.The possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. 相似文献
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90.
This paper presents an iterative, incremental pressure‐stabilized fractional step algorithm for coupled hydro‐mechanical problems with mixed formulations of the displacement–pressure ( u –p) model in saturated soil dynamics that allows the use of finite elements with equal low order of interpolation approximation of u and p. In comparison with the original fractional step algorithm, the distinct features of the proposed algorithm lie in its enhanced stability owing to the introduction of both an iteration procedure and a finite increment calculus (FIC) process into the algorithm. The introduction of the iterative procedure makes the velocity term satisfy the momentum conservation equation in an implicit sense and allows much larger time step sizes to be used than those limited in existing explicit and semi‐implicit versions of the algorithm. The introduction of the FIC process removes the dependence of the stability of the proposed algorithm on the time step size, as a result it allows to using the incremental version of the algorithm and evades the minimum time step size requirement presented in the existing versions of the fractional step algorithm that restricts the application of the algorithm to saturated soil dynamics problems with high frequencies. Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and improved performance of the proposed iterative pressure‐stabilized fractional step algorithm. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献